What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of contraception (birth control).

IUDs are small devices that are placed inside the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy. There are 2

There are 2 brands of hormonal IUDs available in Australia:

• Mirena

• Kyleena

An IUD needs to be put in place by a trained doctor 

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How effective is the IUD at preventing pregnancy?

The IUD works very well, and is one of the most effective methods of contraception available.

Fewer than 1 in 100 people using an IUD will become pregnant.

Hormonal IUDs are made of plastic and slowly release a progestogen hormone called levonorgestrel.

The hormonal IUD prevents pregnancy by:

• thickening the mucus at the entrance to the uterus so sperm cannot get through

• making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilise an egg

• making it harder for an egg to survive

• thinning the lining of the uterus

• preventing ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries) in some people

 

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Hormonal IUDs work for up to 5 years. Kyleena contains a lower dose of hormone than Mirena.

You may need to use another form of contraception (birth control) for 7 days after having a hormonal IUD put in. Check with your doctor or nurse about this.

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How is an IUD put in?

IUDs can only be inserted by a specially trained doctor or nurse.

When the IUD is put in, you are in a similar position to when you have a cervical screening test. An instrument called a speculum is placed in your vagina. Local anaesthetic can be used to reduce discomfort or pain.

For a couple of days after having an IUD inserted, you should avoid:

• using tampons or menstrual cups

• having sex

• having a bath

• swimming

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of the IUD?

Advantages of both types of IUD:

• They are extremely good at preventing pregnancy.

• IUDs are easy to use and can stay in place for 5 to 10 years.

• IUDs are cost-effective.

• They can be used if you are breastfeeding.

• Your cycle and fertility return quickly when the IUD is removed.

Hormonal IUDs, especially the Mirena, can also help with heavy periods and period pain. Sometimes your periods stop altogether.

Disadvantages of IUDs include:

• They need to be inserted by a doctor 

• There is a small risk with insertion, such as difficulty with insertion, pain or discomfort, damage to the uterus and infection.

• An IUD can move out of place and sometimes come out by itself.

• Hormonal IUDs can cause side effects such as irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting

• IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

An IUD is not suitable for everyone. Talk to your doctor to discuss if this is the right option for you.

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When should I see my doctor?

If you're experiencing troublesome IUD side effects after having an IUD put in, see your doctor.

See your doctor if cramps and bleeding continue for more than a few days after having an IUD put in.

See your doctor straight away if you have:

• an unusual vaginal discharge

• pain in your lower tummy

• pain during sex